Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 4

年份

2022 1

2021 1

2020 1

2010 1

关键词

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 460-471 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0861-6

摘要： Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments and exercise, are important for obesity management. This study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or exercise is more effective in metabolism improvement. Forty-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group (n=22) and an exercise group (EX, n=23). The subjects either adopted LCD (carbohydrate intake<50 g/day) or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise (≥30 min/day) for 3 weeks. After the interventions, LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX (−3.56±0.37 kg vs. −1.24±0.39 kg, P<0.001), as well as a larger reduction in fat mass (−2.10±0.18 kg vs. −1.25±0.24 kg, P=0.007) and waist circumference (−5.25±0.52 cm vs. −3.45±0.38 cm, P=0.008). Both interventions reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat and improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Triglycerides decreased in both two groups, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the LCD group but decreased in the EX group. Various glycemic parameters, including serum glycated albumin, mean sensor glucose, coefficient of variability (CV), and largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, substantially declined in the LCD group. Only CV slightly decreased after exercise. This pilot study suggested that the effects of LCD and exercise are similar in alleviating liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Compared with exercise, LCD might be more efficient for weight loss and glucose homeostasis in people with obesity.

关键词： low-carbohydrate diet obesity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease continuous glucose monitoring mean sensor glucose

HTML PDF 收藏

Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as a prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

Shang-Long LIU, Zi-Fang SONG, Qing-Gang HU, Shao-Bo HU, Jun LI, Qi-Chang ZHENG, Duo SHAN,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 457-462 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0240-1

摘要： This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels in the survival of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Articles published up to June 1, 2010 that evaluated preoperative CA19-9 levels and the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma were collected for meta-analysis. The required information for calculating individual relative risk (RR) was extracted from the studies, and a combined overall RR was estimated. Nine eligible studies were included. One study dealt with extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, while the other eight studies analyzed intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The mean methodological quality score was 74.1%, ranging from 65.5% to 82.5%. The overall RR for the nine studies was 1.28 (95% confidence interval= 1.10–1.46), and the Z-score for overall effect was 13.83 (<0.001). The association between serum CA19-9 level and lymph node involvement was also assessed. The combined RR was 1.471 (95% confidence interval= 0.411–5.264) and Z-score for overall effect was 0.59 ( = 0.553). CA19-9 levels were associated significantly with the prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. This meta-analysis shows that elevation of preoperative CA19-9 levels is correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. However, larger scale and randomized studies are needed to draw a more substantive conclusion.

关键词： cholangiocarcinoma prognostic factors serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9

HTML PDF 收藏

Microorganism-derived biological macromolecules for tissue engineering

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 358-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0903-0

摘要： According to literature, certain microorganism productions mediate biological effects. However, their beneficial characteristics remain unclear. Nowadays, scientists concentrate on obtaining natural materials from live creatures as new sources to produce innovative smart biomaterials for increasing tissue reconstruction in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present review aims to introduce microorganism-derived biological macromolecules, such as pullulan, alginate, dextran, curdlan, and hyaluronic acid, and their available sources for tissue engineering. Growing evidence indicates that these materials can be used as biological material in scaffolds to enhance regeneration in damaged tissues and contribute to cosmetic and dermatological applications. These natural-based materials are attractive in pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine, and biomedical applications. This study provides a detailed overview of natural-based biomaterials, their chemical and physical properties, and new directions for future research and therapeutic applications.

关键词： biological macromolecules regenerative medicine tissue engineering exopolysaccharide carbohydrate

HTML PDF 收藏

Glyco-functionalised quantum dots and their progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Jayshree Ashree, Qi Wang, Yimin Chao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 365-377 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1863-7

摘要： Despite all major breakthroughs in recent years of research, we are still unsuccessful to effectively diagnose and treat cancer that has express and metastasizes. Thus, the development of a novel approach for cancer detection and treatment is crucial. Recent progress in Glyconanotechnology has allowed the use of glycans and lectins as bio-functional molecules for many biological and biomedical applications. With the known advantages of quantum dots (QDs) and versatility of carbohydrates and lectins, Glyco-functionalised QD is a new prospect in constructing biomedical imaging platform for cancer behaviour study as well as treatment. In this review, we aim to describe the current utilisation of Glyco-functionalised QDs as well as their future prospective to interpret and confront cancer.

关键词： carbohydrate leptin glyco-functionalised QD bioimaging cancer diagnosis and treatment